For example, a model car might have a ratio of 1:20 – so 1 cm on the model would be 20 cm on the actual car. Ratios are also used in drawings, such as architectural designs, to show perspective and relative size on a smaller scale, and in models. If you measure 1 cm on the map, the real distance would be 10,000 cm (or 100 m). Usually expressed as 1:10,000 or similar, this tells you that for every 1 unit on the map, the real distance is 10,000 units. Ratios are used in maps to provide scale. This makes it easier to learn how to solve a ratio problem. When expressing ratios, you need to ensure that both the antecedent and the consequent are the same units – whether that be cm, mm, km. For example, when a pair of numbers increase or decrease in the same ratio, they are directly proportional. Ratios can inform you of the direct proportion of each number in comparison to the other. For example, 12:4 simplified would be 3:1 – both sides of the ratio divided by 4.Įquivalent ratios can be divided and/or multiplied by the same number on both sides, so as above, 12:4 is an equivalent ratio to 3:1. When you are trying to understand how to calculate a ratio, make sure that you simplify a ratio by dividing both sides by the highest common factor. Ratios should always be presented in their simplified form. So, in the ratio 3:1, the antecedent is 3 and the consequent is 1. When describing a ratio, the first number is known as the ‘ antecedent’ and the second is the ‘ consequent’. When learning how to find a ratio, remember that ratios can describe quantity, measurements or scale. Understanding how to calculate a ratio will make it easier for you to deal with these everyday scenarios. To scale the ingredients up to feed 20 people (to double the recipe size) you need to double the ingredients – so you would need 6 cups of flour and 4 of sugar (or 6:4). If you are making a cake, and you require 3 cups of flour and 2 cups of sugar to make enough to feed 10 people, then you can express that as the ratio 3:2. (This question and the way to work it out is detailed below). The use of ratio in this example will inform us that there would be 8 blue sweets and 12 pink sweets. In a bag of 20 sweets, the ratio of blue to pink might be 2:3 Knowing how to find a ratio is easier when you know how they work, and how a ratio might be presented in different scenarios. Ratios are useful when you need to know how much of one thing there needs to be in comparison with another thing. Used in mathematics and everyday life, you may have come across ratios without knowing it – for example in scale drawings or models, in baking and cooking, and even when converting currency for a holiday abroad. Ratios are usually written in the following formats: A ratio is a mathematical term used to describe how much of one thing there is in comparison to another thing.
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